Duffield - "Global governance and the new wars"

30 July 2006
12:09

Radicalisation of development stemming from greater awareness of security dangers of underdevelopment. New model fits societies into liberal western norms.

· 50s-70s, Dev based on FDI an capitalism
· Then dependency theory (NOT as in dependence on aid etc) says this is exploitation, as LEDCs caan pay below-subsistence wages and people will grow a bit of food as well or whatever.
· Wealth of north actually requires poverty in LEDCs to thrive. This Third Worldism
· This theory leads to agitation by LEDCs for better trade rules in 70's (WHAT CHANGES NEEDED THEN? - export access?
· Argues quality of life in South actually high at this time, and it wields considerable power, eg OPEC etc
· Oil shock leads to technological advances, computers etc in North that reduce its dependence on the South
· Refugee theory first introduces idea of underdevelopment as dangerous - 80's?
· But doesn't recognise external sources of displacement, eg colonialism - just focuses on internal problems of LEDCs
· 80's growth of East Asia breaks hegemony of Third World
· Reagan Cancun speech in 1981 marks ascendancy of neoliberal view in dev.
· With death of third worldism and international socialism all alternatives to liberl global governance and its economic model disappear (WHAT ABOUT CHAVEZ)
· End of Cold War increases opportunities for Western intervention (UN etc) in South
· Cries of New Imperialism begin
· In fact though far from being Harbinger of Western Ideology in Africa, NGO'sare probably too unwilling to criticise regimes
· And new imperialism thesis doesn't allow for real power shift - 'liberal peace' with stability the focus. Liberal power not imperial power
· Eg Stiglitz criticises SA for not bringing about wholesale change in societies but just economic.
· Argues that this is explaining indigenous ways of lfe with 'liberal'