Peter Lewis: Development and Change

02 August 2006
22:22

· Peter Lewis - Introduction

· Pre colonialism huge variety of trades, political structures, nation size etc
· Colonialism didn't totally erase past institutions etc
· European inv starts in late 1400's
· Slave trade peaks 1600 - c1850
· Scramble 1870's as claims demarcated - Berlin Conference 1885
· New states arbitrarily defined - no attention to ethnic boundaries Plugged heavily into international financial markets, commodities etc
· Christianity, euro languages, muslim (oddly) all spread
· Educated elites spring up, and ideas of democracy etc
· Also plugged into the international state system
· After WWII euro broke, and independence campaigns growing
· 3 broad types of indy -- 3 types of new govt
· Nationalist elite negotiates with colonial power -- conservative govts
· Militant popular movement -- populist reform regimes
· Armed independence struggle -- revolutionary govts

· Challenges: state building, nation building, economic development.

· State build : politics, institutions etc.

· Nation: managing different ethnicities
· 1960 year of independence 1966 year of military coup
· 1970s deceleration of econ dev, new socialisms, new conflicts, new international interventions.
· 1980s start with economi downturn and debt problems -- SA
· End 80s CW end means pressure for democratisation -- some gains some collapses.

· Theories of development 1950s

· 1950s modernisation focuses on 'catch-up' with west, contrasting traditional (agri) societies with modern ind ones. Mod more demo, trad heirarchical.
· 1960's dissent -- dependency theory- two battling areas of world and emphasis on external limits to South's development.
· 80's state-centric view focuses on policies of LEDC governments. Acknowledge chains but say a strong state can break them eg east asia.
· Then in 80's awareness grows of importance of other societal groups besides state