Globalisation essay
- Globalisation = high trade⁄GDP ratio
- Development = poverty reduction - income or multiple?
- Even critics (Wade) acknowledge growth necessary for pov reduction
- 2002 WB key study, argues change towards trade correlated with growth.
- BUT doesn't note start point, and is China really open?
- East Asia grew in 60's without openness
- Developed countries used protection
- More growth 1960-80 than 80-2000
- WB says pov from 2.1bn to 1.1bn ($1) 1990-2000
- Wade points to problems with PPP measure
- Problems with 1993 change of measure
- Inequlait growing - how much does it matter?
Democratisation essay
90-94 29⁄48 African countries have multi-party elections
What makes democracy?
- Universal suffrage
- Free publication
- Free parties
- Independent civil society?
- This less relevant in Africa cos of ethnic interests etc
- One free and fair election makes it?
Early 90s democratisation led by grassroots BUT in response to donor pressure?
- End of CW gives donors massive political leverage.
- "transparency" and "accountability" act as proxy calls for elections?
- Dem transitions in early 90's take about 3 years - this very quick! Compare to decade for Poland
- This speed can undermine consolidation
- Van Der Walle - WB figures show dem no growth advantage and may be disadvantage
- Relative autonomy key to developmental strength of S Korean state. African states restricted by "shadow states" - magendo, patronage networks etc
- Autonomy and Capacity needed by states.
- Democratisation appears to have been done too fast, impeded Capapcity and therefore growth, but is still a Good Idea.
